How to find a dark matter
We all know matter consists of atoms, stars, planets, galaxies,
trees, rocks and absolutely ourselves.
But you will be glad to know that this matter consists of
less than 5% of the known universe , as about 25% is dark matter and the
remaining 70% is dark energy both of these dark matter and dark energy are
invisible to us .
this pie chart shows more accurately the above written stats
Now a question which comes in our mind that how we know that something termed as dark matter exists there should be some concrete proof for this?
The answer lies in our own galaxy, we know that our galaxy
is a spiral one and has stars on its outer edges, according to physicist these
star should be moving at much slower pace compared to the ones closer to the
galaxy center (do you know at center of our galaxy there can be worm hole to
know more about it just follow the given link https://interstellarcolony.blogspot.com/2019/12/white-dwarfs-red-dwarfsblack-dwarfs.html ) but in reality all stars in our galaxy
are orbiting around center point at nearly same speed. Scientists think that
that’s dark matter influencing the effect of gravity and making the stars move
the way they do.
The gravity of visible matter is not strong enough to form
galaxies and complex structures. The stars would likely be scattered all over
the place and not form galaxies, so we know there is something else inside and
around them. Something that doesn’t emit or reflect as due to this fact only,
we are not able to see it.
But hold a sec we can really see it as places with a high
concentration of dark matter bend light passing nearby, so we know there’s
something there that interacts with gravity.
A question may put in your mind that Is dark matter is an anti-matter?
But you will be glad to know that dark matter is not an anti-matter
because anti matter produces unique gamma rays when it reacts with normal matter.
Dark matter is also not made up of black holes, as dark
matters seems to be scattered all over the place while black hole is
concentrated to single place.
Dark matter may be made up of exotic particles (to know
about exotic particles just follow this link https://interstellarcolony.blogspot.com/2019/12/white-dwarfs-red-dwarfsblack-dwarfs.html ) , that doesn’t interact with
light and matter in a way we expect .
Dark energy is more strange and mysterious, in 1929, Edward Hubble
examined how the wavelength of lights emitted by distant galaxies shift towards
the red end of electromagnetic spectrum, as it travels through the space.
He
found that fainter, more distant galaxies showed a large degree of red shift,
closer galaxies not so much, Hubble determined that this was because the
universe itself is expanding. The red shift occurs because the wavelengths of
light are stretched as the universe expands.
Most recent discoveries have shown
that the expansion that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. Before
that it was thought that the pull of gravity would cause the expansion to
either slow down or even retract and collapse in on itself at some point, space
doesn’t change its properties as it expands. new space is constantly created
everywhere galaxies are tight bound cluster of stuff held together by gravity,
so we doesn’t experience this expansion in our daily lives ; but we see it
everywhere around us .
So dark energy seems to be some kind of energy intrinsic
to empty space energy that is stronger than anything else we know and it keeps
getting stronger as time passes by empty space has more energy than everything
else in the universe combined .
here are some theories as stated by scientists on dark energy
- ·
Dark energy is not a thing but an empty space. empty
space is nothing , it has its own energy , it can generate more space and is
quite active , so as the universe expands , it could be that just more and more
space appears to fill the gaps and this leads to a faster expanding universe.
- ·
Next assumption is close to an idea that Einstein
had back in 1917 of the concept of a cosmological constant a force that
contracted the force of gravity the only
problem is that when we tried to calculate the amount of this energy , the
result was so weird , that it only added to the confusion .
- ·
Another idea is that empty space is actually
full of temporary virtual particles, that spontaneously and continually form
from nothing and then disappearing into nothing again, the energy from these
particles could be dark energy.
- ·
Maybe dark energy is an unknown kind of dynamic
energy fluid or field, which permeates the universe, but somehow has the
opposite effects on the universe than normal energy and matter.
Do you know that the ratio of dark matter
to visible matter is 6:1 ?
this is the image of the Large Hadron Collider looking for dark matter candidates.
According to scientists an average person’s body
at a given instant of time contains 10˄ (-22) kg of dark matter, and in total
lifetime it is about a mg.
A question in your mind may arise that what will be happen to us when our body will consists of majority of dark matter?
The answer is we will eventually disintegrate
and our body will not appear as collective whole but the dark matter will
interact gravitation-ally trapped by earth’s gravity and will circulate on the surface
of earth. it is more worse that
we really have no clue , what dark matter and dark energy are , or how they
work we are pretty sure they exists though dark matter is the stuff that makes
it possible for galaxies to exist
We all know that we cannot smell, taste, see
or hear dark matter yet we are knowing some important facts about dark matter.
We humans here on earth are just like apes
with smartphones who are knowing literally nothing about our universe, but
trying our best to find more of it.
If you are interested in space stuff just
visit my website for more interesting topics.www.interstellarcolony.blogspot.com
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